Wide Sargasso Sea By Jean Rhys - 1604 Words

â€Å"Wide Sargasso Sea†, a novel by Jean Rhys, grants a voice to the other side of the story, the side that people believe to be madness. Generally, what the majority agrees upon is considered the truth. Hence, people who disagree or offer another opinion are instantly labeled as mad and end up secluded from society. Antoinette Mason Cosway, the protagonist of Wide Sargasso Sea, is considered a mad woman. Her absurd actions and thoughts are what leads to her demise. However, this novel casts a light on the insanity of its characters; madness is not so insane once we are able to fathom how it came to be; on the other hand, what ends up being madness is what we blindly believe to be the truth. Madness is a repeated theme in the novel†¦show more content†¦Antoinette s days were never calm and trouble free. She was hated by the outside world but she was also ignored and neglected from her family. Antoinette never had a place to rest and someone to trust or depend on. She had experienced rejection at a very young age from the person she cared about most, her mother. This incident lingered with her till she was a grown married woman. Indicating that Antoinette s deep wounds never healed, instead, they only grew deeper and stronger. This drove Antoinette to fall into a routine of asking herself who she is, where she belongs and if she ever mattered to anyone at all. As a result, Antoinette gave up on receiving tenderness from those around her and resorted to claiming that nature was better than people. She was raised by black people, yet she never considered herself black. However, she says, â€Å"We stared at each other, blood on my face, tears on hers. It was as if I saw myself. Like in a looking-glass. (I.1.8.29)† Antoinette conveys her feelings of wanting to be a black woman like Tia, her only friend. She says this quote while her house was burning because of angry former slaves that felt profound contempt towards her family. When Antionet te saw Tia that day, the feelings of envy and bitterness rose to the surface. While Antoinette was rejected by everyone around her, Tia belonged to a community that fully accepted her for who she is.Show MoreRelatedWide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys731 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"write [her] name in fire red† (53) by the end of the novel. Throughout Wide Sargasso Sea, Jean Rhys magnifies the themes of madness and power by analyzing Rochester’s and Antoinette’s interactions with one another to ultimately teach a lesson that can be interpreted in many different ways. Their downfalls are created by the catastrophic conflicts with each other and the environment around them. It becomes more clear what Jean Rhys intends; she relates the text to present-day social issues that a readerRead MoreWide Sargasso Sea By Jean Rhys1400 Words   |  6 Pages Wide Sargasso Sea is a novel written by Jean Rhys, discussing the life of Antoinette Cosway. Antoinette and her family are Creole and they live on a sugar plantation in Jamaica. Due to Antoinette’s Creole background, she and her family face a lot of problems and discrimination during their lives. However, when Antoinette grew older she had one friend named Tia. They played and talked together despite their obvious differences. On the night that Coulibri is set on fire, Antoinette flees with herRead MoreJean Rhys s Wide Sargasso Sea1708 Words   |  7 Pages Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea attempts to prove just how closely intertwined dreams and reality are. Rhys meticulously weaves dreams into real life, ultimately creating a novel that conjures a very ethereal truth. Trying to draw the line between what is real and what is fake is nearly impossible and, by the end of the novel, the reader is left in a state of lucid uncertainty. Rhys’s clever use of slumber in Wide Sargasso Sea reveals an enhanced sense of character progression, the inevitabilityRead MoreJean Rhys s Wide Sargasso Sea1226 Words   |  5 PagesJean Rhys, born in 1890 on the Island of Dominica to a Welsh father and a creole (West Indian) mother experienced the difficulty of integrating into British culture due to her Caribbean origin struggling to create an identity for herself. In her novel ‘Wide Sargasso Sea’ (1996) Rhys depicts how she was deeply influenced by this creole heritage, exploring the struggle of finding ones place and identity in relations to race. She contrasts the European discourse with the creole discourse, focusingRead MoreJean Rhys s Wide Sargasso Sea Essay2012 Words   |  9 PagesIn Jean Rhys’s novel Wide Sargasso Sea, Edward Rochester can be considered as an embodiment of patriarchal and colonial oppression. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, patriarchal means, â€Å"relating to, characteristic of, or designating a society or culture in which men tend to be in positions of authority and cultural values and norms are seen as favouring men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Patriarchal†) moreover colonial means â€Å"of, belonging to, or relating to a colony†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Colonial†). In addition, oppression meansRead MoreBook Review: Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea543 Words   |  2 PagesIdeas like slavery and post-colonial aftermath on former British colonies are dominant ideas in Jean Rhys 1966 novel Wide Sargasso Sea. The writer focused on providing a realistic display con cerning feelings in former British colonies as individuals struggle to reclaim their cultural identity in environments destroyed as a consequence of oppression occurring during British influence. The first part of the novel focuses extensively on people who were formerly slaves working on plantations ownedRead MoreEssay on The Tragedy of Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragedy of Wide Sargasso Sea  Ã‚   In Jean Rhys novel Wide Sargasso Sea, whether Antoinette Cosway really goes mad in the end is debatable. Nevertheless, it is clear that her life is tragic. The tragedy comes from her numerous pursuits for love and a sense of belonging, and her failure at each and every one of these attempts. As a child Antoinette, is deprived of parental love. Her father is a drunkard and has many mistresses and illegitimate children. According to Daniel Cosways accountRead More Themes in Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys Essay examples792 Words   |  4 PagesThemes in Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys The main themes in Wide Sargasso Sea are slavery and entrapment, the complexity of racial identity and womanhood or feminism. In all of these themes the main character who projects them are Antoinette and Christophine. The theme slavery and entrapment is based on the ex- slaves who worked on the sugar plantations of wealthy Creoles figure prominently in Part One of the novel, which is set in the West Indies in the early nineteenth century. AlthoughRead More The Importance of Truth in Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Truth in Wide Sargasso Sea In Wide Sargasso Sea Rhys presents a white Creole family living in a Caribbean Island (Jamaica), which is a lush and insecure world for them, after the liberation of the slaves. The husband had once been a slaveholder, the mother is a confused and crazy lady and Antoinette, the daughter, is a child in an atmosphere of fear, recrimination and bitter anger. She becomes increasingly isolated-this isolation is broken by her scheming stepbrother, whoRead MoreReview of Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys830 Words   |  3 Pages I would say that doomed would be the correct adjective to use. Antoinette did not stand a chance at a happy marriage with Rochester. There are lots of different things that happen to undermine the success of their marriage. To begin with their marriage is based on money. The only reason that Rochester is marrying Antoinette was due to the large dowry placed on her by Mr Mason. A marriage without love will never work but all Antoinette wanted was to be loved as her mother had not loved her. Mr Rochester

The Success Of A Company - 1707 Words

Introduction An operational arrange is significant to the success of a company. A well-designed structure arrange may be a roadmap for folks to perform the responsibilities expeditiously at intervals the organization. The operational arrange identifies the following: what task should be completed, the personnel accountable for finishing same task, the timeframe or point for finishing a task, and also the price associated to finish work. Select Few may be a staffing firm placed in sharer, Georgia. The corporate provides work force solutions for many businesses within the Savannah/Hilton Head space. Services embrace however not restricted to temporary staffing, temporary-to-hire, and direct rent services. The corporate operates underneath the leadership of a CEO. The decision-making method involves all levels of management, however the CEO has the authority to form the ultimate call for the organization. Organization has some one hundred twenty five workers that job along to deliver exceptional service to customers. Within the close to future, few would really like to expand operations by gap a replacement workplace in Columbus, South geographic area. Opening a second location may be essential element of our continuing success. To confirm that we ve the human resources, funds and avoid risk, we are going to prepare associate operational arrange. Below is that the company s structure chart with a short description for every position. Organizational chart The following showsShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of A Company1706 Words   |  7 Pagesn operational arrange is significant to the success of a company. A well-designed structure arrange may be a roadmap for folks to perform the responsibilities expeditiously at intervals the organization. The operational arrange identifies the following: what task should be completed, the personnel accountable for finishing same task, the timeframe or point for finishing a task, and also the price associated to finish work. Select Few may be a staffing firm placed in sharer, Georgia. The corporateRead MoreThe Success Of A Company943 Words   |  4 Pages For rapid growth of a company, there is a need for good decision making on the issues such as the culture of the business, staff hiring and spread of entrepreneurial culture among others. During his lecture, the CEO of the BOX Company, he reveals that the culture of the firm in all branches is essential to the success of the business. Such culture includes hardworking, accountability, rapid-acting and collaborative culture. However for one reason or the other, CEO and managers may find themselvesRead MoreThe Success Of A Company1706 Words   |  7 PagesAn operational arrange is significant to the success of a company. A well-designed structure arrange may be a roadmap for folks to perform the responsibilities expeditiously at intervals the organization. The operational arrange identifies the following: what task should be completed, the personnel accountable for finishing same task, the timeframe or point for finishing a task, and also the price associated to finish work. Select Few may be a staffing firm placed in sharer, Georgia. The corporateRead MoreThe Success Of A Company1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe success of a company relies greatly upon proper marketing. A company must have a proper mix of all elements and marketing efforts in order to produce desirable sales results. Product is one of the components used in the marketing mix to attract a company’s target market. In relation to the marketing mix product is defined as, an object or a service that is mass produced or manufactured on a large scale with specific volume of units. Determining the product or service and who it will be producedRead MoreThe Success Of A Company1967 Words   |  8 Pagesacknowledged as being successful. This paper is focusing on what success is for a company, the different areas that a company can achieve success, regarding the goals that are set, and through Coca – Cola‘s sustainability report will try to demonstrate which and how performance in dicators are used to form a successful organisation. DEFINE SUCCESS To define or measure success, firstly the organisational purpose must be decided. The purpose of a company is not always to become more profitable. Profit providesRead MoreThe Success Of A Company2409 Words   |  10 PagesPrior to 2003, Google was an unprofitable company that was looking for a stable revenue source. In 2003, Google launched Google AdWords, which is a program that allows businesses to advertise to people who search for things on Google.com. Almost overnight, Google went from being a simple search engine, to a highly effective advertising platform. â€Å"In 2008, Google reported to the SEC that it had generated $21 billion in advertising-driven revenue alone† (Willey, 2010). Making changes with an organizationRead MoreThe Success Of A Company3347 Words   |  14 PagesOrganisations are truly complex entities and for a company to be a success and provide a product or service to the best of its ability, the workforce need to be motivated, ambitious and determined to provide the highest possible quality work within specified time limits. There are numerous things that need to be acknowledged and handled within the organisations structure to ensure that staffs are happy and satisfied in the workplace, alongside the individual’s own personal goals and values. It isRead MoreThe Success Of A Company2183 Words   |  9 PagesThe success of a company is highly dependent on the workers associated with the company and their intellectual capital, it is what gives them the potential of becoming a leader. The word leadership ties numerous thoughts all being different. Many people see it as motivating a team of individuals and getting them to work toward a com mon goal. Whereas others see it as guiding a team toward a particular task. All these thoughts have a general sentiment which remains the same; leaders are ones who inspireRead MoreMeasuring The Success Of A Company1344 Words   |  6 PagesMeasuring the success of a company can be a grueling process if not done correctly. Taking a closer look at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT Analysis), the price, product, place, promotion (The Four P’s), the microenvironment and the demographics can give the company a deeper view of how well they are performing. Each analysis supplies adequate information for the company to make modifications to better serve their target market. A firm addressing the strengths and weaknessesRead MoreDiversity For Success Of The Company1036 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversity is critical. Therefore, based on the extensive information offered touching on diversity in the workplace, I will be utilizing the book to draw on the ways the managers of an organization ought to handle the issue of diversity for success of the company. The article authored by Cox, bearing the recent trends in business globally, together with gender and ethnic diversity, which is on the rise, and forcing the managers to value of cultural differences. The article provides the essence of

Research Methods Qualitative and Quantitative

Question: Discuss about theResearch Methods Qualitative and Quantitative. Answer: Introduction: The contemporary business environment has reformed through drastic modifications in dynamics as well as context and hence accountants have to acquire improved skill sets in order to perform better for their clients. The continuous exploration of opportunities in the field of business intelligence has led many corporations to implement changes in market and business practices, capital adjustment and technological improvements. Therefore, accountants have to serve greater roles than mere recordkeeping in the environment of change (Awayiga, OnumahTsamenyi, 2010). This has led to drastic changes in the field of accounting education and establishment of plausible policies for ethical behavior and accounting education committees for monitoring the activities of accountants and the requirement of employers. There has been a series of debates over the efficiency of university curriculums which emphasize on specialized technical expertise and the capability of the courses to imbibe transferab le technical skills in the students alongside enabling them to acquire ethical, professional and sustainability skills for long-term performance. Therefore the ambiguity related to the convergence of demands of employers and the skills of accounting graduatesserves as a profound highlight of the research issue. Thereafter, researchers have emphasized on the methodology through which universities are capable of providing aptly skilled graduates to the profession of accounting. The references to the integration of skills required by employers in teaching curriculum of accounting undergraduates have also been mentioned in literature (Jackling Keneley, 2009). The following section reviews extensive sources of literature pertaining to the generic and technical skills, how employees perceive the capability of accounting graduates, roles of normative and behavioral beliefs in shaping the skill set of accounting graduates and the influence of ethical behavior in shaping the characteristics of future leaders in the domain of accounting. Literature Review: Jackling, B. and Keneley, M. 2009. Influences on the supply of accounting graduates in Australia: a focus on international students. Accounting Finance, 49(1), pp.141-159. Evaluation of literature related the research issue concerning skills of accounting graduates and the demands of employers in the accounting profession has to be initiated with consideration of factors which determine the attitude of the employer towards the potential candidates in accounting profession. Employability has emerged as a profound entity in the labor market as potential candidates for employment are judged on the basis of the relevancy of their skills with the requirements of the profession. The development of various nomenclatures of skills in context of employability resulted in the origin of distinct set of skills such as essential skills, core skills, functional skills, common skills, and generic skills, skills for life, enterprise skills and key skills. Employers prefer graduates on the basis of their ability to adapt to the requirements of the workplace, workplace culture and involvement in activities of proactive teamwork. As per Jackling De Lange, critical refle ction on the abilities of potential candidates and the consideration of future applications of their expertise in the activities of the organization has become essential priorities of employers in the contemporary dynamic environment (Jackling De Lange, 2009).Further discussions on the scope of employability have reflected on essential employability skills such as communication and literacy, self-management capabilities, positive attitude, ability to work with a team, IT and numeracy skills, awareness of business and consumers and aptitude for problem solving. The focus on employability has been reinforced in recent times especially in context of politics owing to it influence on economic progress and has been observed in instatement of major policies by governments for improving the proficiency of higher education institutes to meet the requirements of the present labor market in the accounting profession. Therefore the next reference in context of employability is placed on highe r education institutes and their capabilities to address the demands of employers in the accounting profession. Jackling, B. and De Lange, P. 2009. Do Accounting Graduates Skills Meet The Expectations of Employers? A Matter of Convergence or Divergence Accounting Education, 18(4-5), pp.369-385 According to Jackling Keneley, the outcomes of the measures followed by employers and HEIs are reflective of coordinated and strategy-dependent approach followed in the various facets of the curriculum of accounting studies (Jackling Keneley, 2009). The curriculum has enabled the accounting graduates to escalate the comprehension of graduates beyond the generic concept of acquiring novel information. Profound debates have also been noticed and they refer to the influence of employability skills and their integration in university curriculums on the academic freedom of teachers. The content of the course structures have to be modified on the basis of the requirement of certain industries and therefore academic objectives and standards could be hampered. However such concerns can be addressed by the coordinated efforts of academics to concentrate on the promotion of employability attributes and capabilities rather than depreciation in standards of academic content. As per Jackling Kene ley, Subject knowledge has to be provided in unison with focus on reflective thinking, critical review capacity, and self-efficiency and generic skills. The skills of an accounting graduate are also dependent on certain independent and dependent factors pertaining to the candidate and the behavioral aspects which define the choice of accounting as a profession. There have been numerous research works in the field of identifying profound factors in human psychology which enable decision making and the influence of reaction of other individuals to decisions. Therefore, personal and social influences have been found as the prominent factors which change the decisions of an individual while selecting a favorable career option (Jackling Keneley, 2009). Influx of a large volume of accounting graduates could be possible through estimation of the significance of factors such as normative and behavioral beliefs. These factors are used to analyze the choice of study of an individual from the perspective of their attitude towards the specific course and the perception of prolific career opportunities. Awayiga, J., Onumah, J. and Tsamenyi, M. 2010. Knowledge and Skills Development of Accounting Graduates: The Perceptions of Graduates and Employers in Ghana. Accounting Education, 19(1-2), pp.139-158. As pet the research of Awayiga, OnumahTsamenyi, Behavioral beliefs pertain to the identification of plausible opportunities in the specific career path and they are also influential on the personal attitudes of an individual (Awayiga, OnumahTsamenyi, 2010). Behavioral beliefs are shaped by two prominent factors known as intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The extrinsic factors are largely associated with the perception of rewards which can be garnered from a specific profession, accounting in this case. The factors primarily include job security, job availability, financial remuneration and fair opportunities for advancement. Hence, many researchers have pointed out that despite the massive and complex courses involved with accountingstudents can prefer to leverage efforts in order to gain profits in the later stage through higher remunerations. Intrinsic factors influencing behavioral beliefs are reflective of personal satisfaction obtained from certain activities (Awayiga, OnumahTsame nyi., 2010). Researchers have indicated that the interest of students in accounting decreases alongside the progress of the course. The intrinsic aspiration of individuals pursuing accounting as a major discipline were indicative of their interest in the profession of accounting and is also associated with an inherent objective of a promising job. The quality of education provided in higher education institutes related with accounting has to be improved over time in order to improve the intrinsic interest of student to learn accounting. Furthermore, it has been observed that accounting graduates influenced by intrinsic factors tend to perform better in complex situations than graduates with aspiration for extrinsic rewards. Normative beliefs are also considered as profound indications of an individuals attitude towards accounting as a career choice. These beliefs refer to the influence of others which is termed as subjective norms. The subject of international students opting for ac counting and the role of cultural interplays while determining the behavioral and normative beliefs of the students has also been mentioned in the research of many academics (Awayiga, OnumahTsamenyi, 2010). Lowden, K., Hall, S., Elliot, D., and Lewin, J. 2011 Employers' perceptions of the employability skills of new graduates Project Report, Edge Foundation, London, UK The reflection on dynamic changes in the market environment results in determination of different skills required for accounting graduates to meet the requirements of employers. The skills have been mentioned in standardized policies which are specifically relevant to employability of accounting graduates. Communication skills are the primary aspect searched for by employers in a new entry level accountant. The communication skills of the candidate would have to be evaluated on the basis of proficiency in verbal and non-verbal modes of communication, listening and organization of information management frameworks. The requirement of intellectual skills is also a mandatory mention in the list of employability skills (Lowden et al., 2011). An accountant must be capable of responding to diverse and unpredictedsituations which would require implementation of a mix of capabilities such as prioritization, adaptability, inductive reasoning and application of value based reasoning for resolu tion of ethical dilemmas. As per Lowden, Interpersonal skills are required in an accounting graduate especially for objectives such as conflict resolution, motivation, organization and delegation of tasks as well as the ability of the individual to influence others. Technical skills have been emphasized in context of accounting with respect to the increasing complexity of information systems and the use of computers in accounting applications (Lowden, 2011). Accounting graduates must have the capabilities to deal with mathematical and statistical applications, modeling, measurement, capability to handle IT systems and risk analysis. Accounting graduates also need to be proficient in personal skills which refer to behavioral preferences of the accountant and the skills include self-learning, ability to perform under stringent deadlines and resources, ability to integrate ethics and values in decision making as well as professional skepticism. Other skills required by employers in the contemporary domain of accounting profession include organizational and business knowledge which are reflective of skills for strategic planning, resource management, organization and delegation of tasks, leadership and project management. Employers have recognized many setbacks in the accounting framework post the economic crisis in 2008. Therefore the ability of accounting professionals came under question owing to several corporate collapses. This resulted in modification of skill preference by employers through incorporation of higher standards of ethical behavior as a profound requirement from accounting graduates. The lack of emphasis on ethical behavior in an accounting curriculum has also been observed in the works of many researchers. Ethical behavior was neglected as a core skill for accounting graduates. However, recent surveys have indicated that the preference of employers in the accounting profession for ethical behavior has been increasing steadily. While many skeptics have pointed out to the ambiguity over retention of generic skills earned by a graduate in university, the countering claims have focused on the use of substantial measures to infuse generic skills. Furthermore, it has been found that deve lopment of generic skills is a tedious process and requires a long period of time. Therefore, the recommended strategies for HEIs to ensure proliferation of ethical behavior can be implemented otherwise through relocation of resources towards development of training programs related to employment and work experience. Apart from the consideration of skills as an attribute for developing the probability of accounting graduates to fulfill employers criteria, many research reports also suggest that certain factors associated with the behavior of an individual also form a part of many employment criteria for accounting graduates. References to multiple sources of research have facilitated a conclusive illustration of the impact of attitudes in the employment of accounting graduates which has been detailed in the report. Conclusion: The literature presented in the report above was primarily concerned with the scope of employability with respect to the accounting sector, necessary skills required in the modern business environment and the requirement of analyzing factors which influence the beliefs and personal attitudes of accounting graduates. The critical reflection on each of the entities mentioned in literature would provide an alternate perspective on the findings of researchers. Since the accounting sector has become complex with the inclusion of many organizations in the business environment alongside the various entities such as technological advancements and the huge influx of data (Awayiga, OnumahTsamenyi, 2010). Therefore, the research question concerning accounting graduates and their capability to address employer requisites can be reviewed from the utilization of reasonable measures which can include employability skills. However, a performance oriented organization would prefer to account for uniq ue skills such as proficiency in IT and numeracy for it accounting applications while in case of other organizations employers may demand efficient communication skills in an entry level accounting graduate for cognizable interaction with clients. Therefore, university curriculum which provides courses directed towards integration of employability skills in the skill sets of accounting undergraduates could be critiqued on the basis of ambiguity and irrelevance with respect to specific organizational contexts. Furthermore, the element of academic freedom of the universities needs to be considered as a prominent pitfall. Research suggests that higher education institutes are not liable to face any sort of setbacks with respect to the content being delivered to accounting graduates. Industry oriented skill training could enable graduates to comply with the present industry standards. However, the question of sustainability of such skills in future market environments is a major reflect ion drawn from the research. The research gap could be widened further with the scope for integration of accounting information systems in diverse industries which can create issues for accounting graduates as well as employers. While employers have varying criteria for recruitment depending on their short term and long term objectives, their capabilities for prediction would have to be aligned with the skill sets of entry-level accounting graduates. This creates an alternate perception that employers could also access limited choices depending on the existing industry requirements. The induction of normative and behavioral beliefs in the skills of accounting graduates could also be considered as a profound research gap since instances of behavioral beliefs vary according to personal preferences and hence the impact of motivational factors on the efficiency of accounting graduates can be considered as a pitfall of the research (Lowden et al., 2011). Therefore, the development of per sonal attitudes through normative and behavioral beliefs can be considered irrelevant in certain cases where employers require accountants to conform tostrategic objectives and limited opportunities for professional development as well as in financial remunerations. Therefore, the research issue has to be addressed with further references to literature which indicate diverse approaches to education of accounting graduates, proficiency of universities in educating the graduates and shaping them for the accounting profession according to standards demanded by employers. The research gap identified in the present report were primarily centered on the impact of changes in industrial and market environments, the feasibility of skills of accounting graduates in diverse conditions and the effect of personal attitudes on the efficiency of the entry level graduates. The gaps are reflective of suggestions for future research as the changes in requirements of employers have to be evaluated acc ording to the variations in the demands of labor market and external environmental factors. Furthermore, the effect of behavioral preferences has to be analyzed in future research so that specific inherent traits which are responsible for the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation of an accounting graduate to earn necessary skills according to demands of employers, can be determined. The following questions were used for reflecting on the research. References Awayiga, J., Onumah, J. and Tsamenyi, M. 2010. Knowledge and Skills Development of Accounting Graduates: The Perceptions of Graduates and Employers in Ghana.Accounting Education, 19(1-2), pp.139-158. Jackling, B. and Keneley, M. 2009. Influences on the supply of accounting graduates in Australia: a focus on international students.Accounting Finance, 49(1), pp.141-159. Jackling, B. and De Lange, P. 2009. Do Accounting Graduates Skills Meet The Expectations of Employers? A Matter of Convergence or Divergence.Accounting Education, 18(4-5), pp.369-385. Lowden, K.,Hall, S.,Elliot, D., andLewin, J.2011 Employers' perceptions of the employability skills of new graduates.Project Report.Edge Foundation, London, UK.

So My Brother is Gay free essay sample

My middlename is Sindac. I hate it. It is my mothers maiden name, which is the Filipinocustom. It means scary feeling, which makes me loathe it even more.But I accept it, nevertheless, just as I accept the fact that I have a fat dognamed Princess, strict parents and a gay brother. My brother doesnt knowit, but he has affected my life tremendously. Its not because he is alwaysthere for me, since there are days I dont see him because our schedulesdont allow it. He works the hours I am home, and it isnt until the weekend thatI see him, and he usually hibernates until he has to get up and go to work again. We used to think our physical similarities brought us closer the gapbetween our front teeth, the moles on the left side of our necks, the sameeyebrows (pre-plucking) and curly hair. We will write a custom essay sample on So My Brother is Gay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People say he is the male version of me.Reluctantly, I see it. I never saw it coming that he would come outof the closet, though. It was the kind of thing where it just struck me,Hi, there! Im your new brother. I enjoy drawing, billiards, backscratches, volleyball, and oh, yeah Im gay. Wow! Thatsso cool! Come here and give your little sister a hug! Of course, Iwas numb for two minutes, absorbing this new concept. But then it hit me: nowonder I kept finding my fire-engine red lipstick under his bed! Myparents have yet to accept his sexual preference. Dad refuses to step foot intohis room where rainbow flags wave and Ricky Martin emanates his Latin spice. Momconstantly asks me if hes really gay. I tell her hes bisexual, and she crossesherself and mumbles, Ay! Jesus, Mary, y Josef! She knows. Since then, my life has been different. There is never a day that all five of usare home together eating dinner or watching Jeopardy! With meremonths until I go off to college, I have a new perspective on family, especiallyafter this last holiday season. Mom refused to go Christmas shopping, Dad wassomewhere playing golf, my sister was discovering her beauty and talent, mybrother was always working, and I was left battling the most horrendous calculusproblems imaginable. Between school, work, flute lessons, and boyfriends, mybrother and I managed to scrounge together enough to buy the tree a beautifulangel. His middle name is Sindac, too. Right now, my parents think hereally is scary. But I know better. I know that my brother is the unifying forceof my family. I know that he creates a true sense of togetherness despite hisdifferences and my parents lack of acceptance. I know that I will always accepthim. Scary, huh?

Essay on Roman Empire and Julius Caesar

Essay on Roman Empire and Julius Caesar Essay on Roman Empire and Julius Caesar Liam Downey-Wall 3-17-13 Comparison of the Stability of the Roman Republic vs. Roman Empire Julius Cesar abruptly transitioned from a republic to an empire In order to understand the comparative stability of the Republic vs. that of the Empire; we must first identify and discuss some of the characteristics of each. Only by evaluating the characteristics can we identify the more stable form of government. The Republic style of government is characterized by the following: a senate of 300 members yielding more power per person, dictatorship for 6 months at a time and an indirect democracy. The dictator’s term of 6 months at a time was hardly enough time to learn the issues and task at hand. The short terms of office created instability in the government. Some of the characteristics of an empire include the following: senate has 600 members, with a senate of 600 people that means less power per senator, an emperor for life, a position that is passed down from generation to generation, one ruler/monarch. This type of government gave more power to Caesar and less to the people. Due to the longer terms in office it allowed Caesar to make many more reforms, for example, redistribution of land and wealth and creation of Julian calendar. One upside to the change of empire was many reforms were made. Caesar kept the empire in the hands of his heir, so no one out side the Caesar family could rule. The Empire form of government served the people well

Readers and Text Meanings Essays

Readers and Text Meanings Essays Readers and Text Meanings Essay Readers and Text Meanings Essay Language – often defined as â€Å"the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way†, the aforementioned has played an eminent role in our society from the beginning of time. As human beings, language is a part of our human heritage that is often passed down from parents to children within the speech communities where we live. A child born in India is most likely to speak Hindi and a child born in Washington is likewise, most likely to speak English. Had the two children been switched around during birth, they’d also switch the language capabilities they possess. Language, however, is not confined to only the human voice resonating in other’s ears. Words written by humans possess the ability to transcend meanings from one to another. As Roland Barthes once said, â€Å"the birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the author†. So truly , how is it that we humans – we readers – shape the meaning of a particular text at hand? The question at hand is highly subjective. To begin with, we as people are born as blank slates whose individuality is then painted and crafted by our experiences, emotions, faith and beliefs’ as we grow into adulthood and swim through our daily existence. As the theory of existentialism rightfully states, the individual person is the only agent that can determine his or her own life by means of acts of the will. This means that our life is based on our own decisions. As each person is different and has become the human they are today based on their own choices, is it not fair to say that their personal experiences can manipulate the way they articulate and form a common consensus on a text at hand? For instance, will a woman who has been brought up in free America not find a textual piece on women’s rights violation under Islamic law more abominating than an Islamic woman brought up in the same circumstances in th

Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Electronics - Essay Example The function of the electronic parts in these systems is to receive input information, to process this information and then to produce an output. For example, in a computer, the input information is provided by pressing the buttons on a keyboard, the processing may involve arithmetic or comparison with previous information in a memory and the output will be a print out or a display on a video display unit. In another example, both input and output of a communications system may be sound such as words or music. In other areas such as instrumentation and control, these are many non-electronic systems widely used. Both power steering and servo assisted brakes in automobiles are usually non-electronic and mechanical clocks and watches still have a share of the market. Electronic systems are required to process or react to information. The information may have many forms, including physical quantities such as temperatures, velocity or mass, simple on/off information resulting from a switch being operated, or the highly concentrated and detailed information in speech, music and pictures. All these different forms of information have one common factor i.e. both amplitude and frequency may vary with time. This means that they can be illustrated by means of graphs and in many cases they can be defined as functions of time with mathematical expressions. Electronic circuit's can only react to information in the form of time-varying voltages and currents. We can conveniently refer to these forms of information as signals. There must therefore be some form of interface or converter between the real world and the electronic world. The interface may simply be a transducer for example; a microphone converts sound energy containing information into electrical energy in the form of a signal which contains the same information. An electronic system will have input signals from transducers and output signals which are reconverted by other transducers to produce energy in various required forms. Between these two processes, within the system there will be other signal forms. Lets quickly look at the function of electronic circuit any systems. And the function is to process signal, many different processes are possible and useful but, before considering a wide range of processes, it will be helpful to examine some simple system and to consider what type of processes may be required. A radio communication system: requires transmitting speech and music from a concert Hall to a place 100 miles away while other similar transmission is occurring in the same area. While the problems are: Alternating signals (A.C.) can result in radiated electromagnetic waves (radio signals) but signals at audio frequencies do not radiate efficiently. Also, as there would be similar transmissions in the same area, there would be interference as all the radiated signals would be received more or less equality. The solution use higher frequencies which can be radiated readily, in order to carry the signal information on these higher frequencies, use different high frequency carriers for each separate transmission to avoid interferences. The process required is: The minimum needed for a simple radio communication system can be represented in the block system. Let's look at am automatic washing machine. The

PEST Analysis OF Mount Brydges Bulldogs hockey team in Canada Research Paper

PEST Analysis OF Mount Brydges Bulldogs hockey team in Canada - Research Paper Example Mount Brydges Bulldogs allows new applications from 15 year olds to start training with other team players. Acceptance shall be dependent on the residence of the applicant and existence of a vacancy within the club training resources. Hockey is a contact game with high chances of players being injured while playing. The situation is made worse through the use of Hockey sticks while playing. Management trains its players well and provides them with comfortable and stanLard playing equipment to limit the number and magnitude of accidents hence lower lawsuits. Hockey is a big tournament in Canada with a large number of young people applying each year to join this tournament. Employment rates are low given the little number (6) of NHL franchises in Canada. The government regulates the number of teams to create a scarcity of teams hence increase competition among towns that compete to host the tournament. These regulations aim at increasing viewership and to make the tournament more popular. Canadians love watching Hockey teams lay with TV viewership averaging 1.5 million per game (Keller & McGuire, 2011). The high demand results from the stiff competition among cities to host the tournament given that few cities are homes to NHL teams. Mount Brydges Bulldogs has participated in every single tournament since 1975 with three wins. The competitive nature of the team’s management guarantees that the team will always participate and perform well at the tournaments. The huge demand for viewership of the NHL tournament has not been affected by inflation rates. Ticket sales have been high all time round given the competitive nature of the league. Inflation, however, has affected the team’s ability to provide quality safe training equipment for its players prompting management to seek support from well-wishers who will assist to pay part of the bills. NHL regulates

Daoism and Confucianism Essay Example for Free

Daoism and Confucianism Essay Daoism and Confucianism are two of China’s oldest and most pervasive philosophies. They arose during the same period in Chinese history, called the Hundred Schools of Thought, a time often marred by unrest and feudal strife. Both philosophies reflect this, as their overarching goals are to seek order and harmony in one’s life, relationship with society, and the universe. Confucianism is a philosophy originated by the Chinese philosopher, Confucius, which teaches that logic and reason can solve all human problems, and rejects excessive emotion and superstition. Confucianism also teaches that following the traditions of early Chinese culture is the best way to organize society. Traditional ritual, music and poetry are also seen as important tools in maintaining societal harmony. Confucius was concerned with matters of human relationships. His philosophy inspires scholars to take up civil service with the goal of building a society based upon their discernment of good and bad and to desire that which is judged to be good. The way of Confucius is to forge a moral society protected from the world. The main source of Confucian teaching is the Analects of Confucius. Daoism on the other hand was started by Lao Tzu, and is mainly concerned with living a balanced life based on following Nature. Lau Tzu saw the natural world as a sort of teacher which could impart wisdom to mankind if we only observed it and modeled our lives on what we see in nature. Extremes are to be avoided, passivity is encouraged over force, going with the flow of things and avoiding conflict is the goal. Lao Tzu rejects worldly concerns, limited knowledge and flawed judgments as creating an imbalance in the nature of things. The way of Lao Tzu is to allow man and nature to come into a harmonic coexistence. So, to boil it all down to one point, Taoism is all about mans relationship with nature, while Confucianism is about mans relationship with his fellow man. Confucianism was created in the early fourth century B. C. E. The founder of Confucianism was Kong Qiu (Kung Chiu), who was born around 552 B. C. E. in the small state of Lu and died in 479 B. C. E. The Latinized name Confucius, based on the honorific title Kong Fuzi (Kung Fu-tzu), was created by 16th-century Jesuit missionaries in China. Confucius was a teacher to sons of the nobility at a time when formal education was just beginning in China. He traveled from region to region with a small group of disciples, and believed that his philosophy could transform individuals and society into a more harmonious unit. Confucius was not particularly famous during his lifetime, and even considered himself to be a failure. He longed to be the advisor to a powerful ruler, and he believed that such a ruler, with the right advice, could bring about an ideal world. Confucius said heaven and the afterlife were beyond human capacity to understand, and one should therefore concentrate instead on doing the right thing in this life. The earliest records from his students indicate that he did not provide many moral precepts; rather he taught an attitude toward ones fellow humans of respect, particularly respect for ones parents, teachers, and elders. He also encouraged his students to learn from everyone they encountered and to honor others cultural norms. Later, his teachings would be translated by authoritarian political philosophers into strict guidelines, and for much of Chinese history Confucianism would be associated with an immutable hierarchy of authority and unquestioning obedience. Confucius’s teachings were carried on and promoted by his disciple Mencius, and, later, by Hsun-Tzu, who lived from about 300 to 235 B. C. E. E. A rationalist form of Neo-Confucianism, an outgrowth of Confucianism, began to gain popularity through the teachings of Chu Hsi, who lived from 1033 to 1107 CE. A more socially oriented Neo-Confucianism became popular through the teachings of Wang Yang-Ming, who lived from 1472 to 1529 C. E. The Analects is a collection of principles enunciated by the Chinese thinker Confucius in conversations with his disciples. Similar to Proverbs in the Old Testament, the analects depend heavily on analogy and metaphor. They stress the importance not of rules per se, but of ethics, that guide behavior. Never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself. He also stressed the need for ritual and music. These principles set standards for individual conduct and the administration of government and community. After Confucius died in 479 B. C. E. , his followers compiled his teachings in the form of dialogues between him and his students. The resulting collection highly influenced educational, social, and cultural thought in China and elsewhere. Running through the teachings of Confucius is this theme: A man should lead an upright life, educate himself, and contribute to the betterment of society. The superior man, he says, respects elders, cultivates the friendship of good people, presides over his subordinates with a fair and even hand, continually educates himself, overflows with love for fellow human beings, and in general sets a good example for others to follow. The Analects are terse and usually easy to understand. Many of these passages, though presented in the form of conversation, are epigrams that stand alone as wise and memorable admonitions. The statements make frequent use of parallel structure and antithesis. Some say Confucianism is not a religion, since there are no Confucian deities and no teachings about the afterlife. Confucius himself was a staunch supporter of ritual, however, for many centuries there were state rituals associated with Confucianism. Most importantly, the Confucian tradition was instrumental in shaping Chinese social relationships and moral thought. Thus even without deities and a vision of salvation, Confucianism plays much the same role as religion does in other cultural contexts. Confucianism is a socio-philosophical system aimed at bettering individuals and society. Its primary goals were to educate people to be self-motivated and self-controlled, and to enable people to assume their responsibilities, which would, in turn, cultivate a better self and a harmonious society. Confucius believed that lawlessness and social problems stemmed from the combination of unenlightened individuals and a social structure without norms. Confucius believed in the Great Ultimate (Tao), which manifests itself in the I, or change. Tao is the cause of I, and generates Yang (energy) and Yin (a passive form). Together, Yin and Yang are seen as complementary symbols of the energy and tension in a system of counter forces. Tao, or the Great Ultimate, is the first-cause of the universe, a force that flows through all life, but is not a personal being. Ultimately, we are here to discover our real self, which is the nature of Tao. Humans are thought to be inherently good. Through self-discipline, a human is able to move in accordance to Tao and thus will enjoy the principle of change. In a practical sense, we are here to better ourselves and society. This is done through education and enlightenment. Daoism was created in China in the Late 4th century B. C. E. Daoism was founded by Li Erh (better known as Lao Tzu), or â€Å"Old Master†, in the sixth century B. C. E. Lao Tzu was the keeper of the imperial library and the author of Tao Te Ching, or the Book of Dao and Virtue. The specific date of birth of Lao Tzu is unknown. Legends vary, but scholars’ place his birth between 600 and 300 B. C. E. Lao Tzu’s wise counsel attracted followers, but he refused to set his ideas down in writing. He believed that written words might solidify into formal dogma. Lao Tzu wanted his philosophy to remain a natural way to live life with goodness, serenity and respect. Lao Tzu laid down no rigid code of behavior. He believed a person’s conduct should be governed by instinct and conscience. Lao Tzu believed that human life, like everything else in the universe, is constantly influenced by outside forces. He believed â€Å"simplicity† to be the key to truth and freedom. Lao Tzu encouraged his followers to observe, and seek to understand the laws of nature; to develop intuition and build up personal power; and to use that power to lead life with love, and without force. Legend says that in the end Lao Tzu, saddened by the evil of men, set off into the desert on a water buffalo leaving civilization behind. When he arrived at the final gate at the great wall protecting the kingdom, the gatekeeper persuaded him to record the principles of his philosophy for posterity. The result was the eighty-one sayings of the â€Å"Tao Te Ching. † The Tao Te Ching was written in China roughly 2,500 years ago at about the same time when Buddha expounded the Dharma in India and Pythagoras taught in Greece. The Tao Te Ching is probably the most influential Chinese book of all times. Its 81 chapters have been translated into English more times than any other Chinese document, and it provides the basis for the philosophical school of Daoism, which is an important pillar of Chinese thought. In Tao Te Ching, it never specifically defines The Way. It’s a series of verses, poems, and riddles. It emphasizes control but not dominance, fluidity but not ambivalence, and mystery but not confusion. Dao is analogous to God, but Dao is not a being. Rather, Dao is the source of all and the ultimate reality, and Dao is the cause of all change in life. Dao permeates the universe and is the principle behind all that is. Dao can only be experienced through mystical ecstasy. Daoists seek transformation of their self and body into a cosmic, Dao-focused entity. This is achieved through ritual and meditation. Daoism teaches that there is one undivided truth at the root of all things. Daoism is the organized, indigenous religion of China. From a philosophical standpoint Daoism focuses on Dao, or way, and deals with ideas about naturalness, ease, non-action etc. Physically, Daoism focuses on health through concepts like Qigong and Taiji quan, which involve deep breathing, slow, graceful motions and gentle stretching. From a religious standpoint, Daoism is reflected in many areas, including a social and political vision, rituals, a hierarchical priesthood, talismans and exorcisms. Other Daoism practices include advanced spiritual meditation and mystic, ecstatic soul travel. The universe is hierarchically organized in such a way that its entirety is reproduced in its individual parts. Thus, man is a microcosm within the macrocosm (small universe within a larger one). Man’s parts correspond to parts of the universe and nature. All is from the Dao, and all will return to the Dao. Daoism was created to reunite with Dao through the transformation from disharmony to harmony. Disharmony causes a destructive or waning cycle of the Five Elements (metal, wood, earth, water and fire). This cycle consists of metal destroying wood (wood is cut by a metal ax); wood dominating earth through its roots (domination through power); earth mastering water and preventing floods (anti-nature forces); water destroying fire (pollution is caused by anti-nature, and destroys the beauty of the world); fire melts metal (causing pollution). Through personal and social transformation, humans can convert the destructive cycle of the Five Elements into a creative or constructive cycle of the Five Elements. Metal in the earth nourishes underground water (purification); water is the source of life for vegetation, including wood (nourishment); wood is the fuel for fire, which causes ashes, which then form earth (natural recycling). The formation of metal in earth completes the cycle. Daoism has a very recognizable symbol. It is the Yin-Yang, a circle divided in two equal parts of dark/black (Yin) and light/white (Yang). Within the dark, there is a circle of light, and within the light, there is a circle of dark. The two parts are equal because they signify the balance in the world caused by the Yin and Yang forces in all things. Each has a circle of the other to symbolize that each contains elements of the other, and that each cannot exist without the other. Sometimes, the Yin-Yang symbol will be surrounded with trigrams, or sets of three lines with breaks in various positions. Each trigram stands for a certain principle in Daoism.

Mathew Shepard Case Brief :: essays research papers

Matthew Shepard Case Brief Facts: Twenty one year old, University of Wyoming college student, Matthew Shepard, died October 12, 1998 at 12:53 a.m. after spending five days in a comma due to massive injuries and head trauma in a robbery and hate crime assault (Matthew Shepard, 2000 [on-line]). Matthew Shepard met Aaron McKinney (22) and Russell Henderson (21) of Laramie in a local bar called Fireside Lounge. McKinney and Henderson had been drinking. The two led Shepard to believe they were gay and lured Shepard to their truck. McKinney pulled out a gun and said, Guess what- we’re not gay and you’re gonna get jacked. McKinney then told Shepard to give him his wallet. When Shepard refused, McKinney hit him with the gun. With Henderson behind the wheel, McKinney continued to strike Shepard. McKinney then told Henderson to get a rope out of the truck. McKinney allegedly tied Shepard’s beaten body to a wooden split-rail post fence, robbed him of his wallet and patent leather shoes, continued to beat him and left him to die for over 18 hours. Chasity Vera Pasley (20) and Krista Lean Price (18), the suspect’s girlfriends, hid the bloody shoes of Henderson and provided the suspects with alibis. Shepard’s shoes, coat and credit card were found in McKinney’s pick-up truck; his wallet was found in McKinney’s home. A .357 Magnum was also found in McKinney’s home (Matthew Shepard, 2000 [on-line]). On April 5, 1999, 22 year old, Aaron McKinney was found guilty of felony murder, second-degree murder, kidnapping and robbery. 21 year old, Russell Henderson pled guilty to kidnapping and felony murder and was sentenced to two consecutive life terms. Two women described as the suspects girlfriends, Chasity Vera Pasley (20) and Krista Lean Price (18) were charged as accessories after the fact of first-degree murder (The Data Lounge, Issues 2000, [on-line]). Issues: Aaron James McKinney seemed to believe that his allegation that Shepard had made a pass at him was sufficient grounds to justify joining with friend Russell Henderson in savagely beating Shepard, clubbing him with a handgun, lashing him to a wooden fence and leaving him to die. McKinney’s attorney wanted the jury to accept that because McKinney has a homosexual encounter when he was younger and that he was under the influence of both drugs and alcohol when he alleges Shepard made a pass at him, that he was therefore not responsible for his actions.

Mobile Phone Addiction

Those who remain fear the loss of mobile phones, or the presence of outside the coverage of the network, and thus the inability to communicate or receive communications .. It is a concern to hit the world and destroyed the ability of people to develop solutions to what the phone is forced suffering .. ..With a little thought, there are people who feel and enjoy the latest devices and smart phones .. To enjoy the modern programs in addition to the many features provided by these devices .. It is normal when a person uses his mobile phone to make calls or talk to friends and relatives from time to time .. Or Download game compete with friends .. But what if the transformation of the use of smart phone to addiction? .. See what the problems that can be caused by this addiction to the owner? .. So warned surveys and studies on the smartphone from the increasing signs of addiction, and concluded studies to That people stare at the phones screens For approximately 3 hours a day or more, in addition to the time spent in making calls. .. It was noted that psychiatrists, are those who initiated to consider the fight against the problem – phenomenon, in order to recognize that addiction to smart phones, psychological disorder. Experts warn that the use of new technologies at an early age may compound the risk of addiction, isolation and school failure. Where the smartphone is no longer a means to communicate with others only, but the smartphone is used to finish and follow the work of private and is used in the study and entertainment of the self through the games or watching movies and hear songs and networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and other programs, â€Å"People are checking their mobile phones at 34 times a day, and there are five, 81 and eighty-one percent of people who keep their phones near them, and 63 percent are checking their phones even while they sleep. People who are afraid of losing a mobile phone or being out of network coverage and therefore unable to communicate or receive communication suffer from the disease of sleepophobia. Monophobia can be monitored through a range of behaviors, for example, that a person checks his or her mobile phone more than 30 times a day , Or simply feel that it is impossible for him to give up his phone and live without him. Experts have found that smart phone addicts have become so many around the world that if they are removed from their phones they feel nervous and angry and can do things beyond their control. The use of the smartphone also leads to poor cognitive skills, especially among students. Surveys showed that the degree of addiction to the smartphone is increasing among young people, where one in every five young people check his phone once every few minutes, and drew attention to all this. For phones comes at the expense of neglecting the world around us, causing increased anxiety, tension and distraction. Stressing that each user to evaluate the fact that attached to his smartphone, and begin to get rid of this attachment step by step. Radio France International highlighted in a report published on its website the phenomenon of â€Å"addiction† of the inhabitants of the earth to the use of mobile phone. A study by the High Tech Web site showed that around 1.5 billion people around the world have mobile phones, while the study revealed that if this upward development revolutionized communications worldwide, it certainly had a significant impact on behaviors Individuals in the community. The study found that the use of intelligent mobile phones with the Internet causes â€Å"addiction† to this technology, and this situation is widespread and widely, among the 8.6 billion people of the earth, 1.5 billion people have mobile phones. But far from the figures and comparisons, the widespread use of mobile phones, especially smart phones, has led to a radical change in societal behavior. According to the study, 60% of mobile phone users sleep with their hands in their hands, and 15% of them may stop their entertainment and chat conversations just to answer the mobile phone. Many researchers have pointed out that there is a threat to the Earth's population from these mobile phones, that is, the addiction to this technology is already the same as when playing a game of video games continuously can be considered a form of addiction. Is addiction to smart phones a disease In Singapore, as in many other countries, doctors are struggling to recognize smart phone addiction as a form of psychological disorder. If you are difficult to break away from your smartphone or from people who seek it for no particular reason, you may be threatened with an addiction that may require the help of a psychiatrist. Singapore and Hong Kong broke regional records on the number of smart phone users, according to the latest report by the Nelson Office of Studies. According to Experience, 87 percent of Singapore's 5.4 million people have multi-function phones, compared to 65 percent in the United States.

Basic Ecological Concept

Basic Ecological Concept Levels of Organization Cells- are composed of Cell Membrane, Nucleus and Protoplasm. Tissue-is an aggregation of cells performing a common function or functions. Organs- is the aggregation of tissues usually forming a definite shapes, and performing a definite function within an organ system. Organ System-is a group of organs that perform coordinated functions together to keep the organism alive and functioning well. The scope of the biology includes the study of all these and may extend to the level of the organism such as behavior, and the organism mechanism for interacting with its environment.Ecology started from the study of the organism-a group of organisms that is similar in appearance, behavior and genetic make up belong to the same species. The biological species concept state that members of a species are those individual that are genetically related enough to be able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Population The group of the individua ls belonging to one species and is found together in a define area at a certain time.A population possesses characteristics that more empirically describe the group such as: population Density, Dispersion, Natality, Mortality, Growth, Age Distribution, and Reproductive potential. Population Density Describe the degree of crowdedness of a population in a given area. Crude Density may be computed from the number of individuals or the total population biomass per unit space. Ecological or specific Density describes the number or biomass per unit of space that is actually available to the population. Dispersion The distribution of organisms over the space where they are found.Three pattern have been observed: clumped, random, and uniform. The clumped Distribution is the most common type of pattern since the soil or medium on which organisms are found in nature are not uniform. Random Distribution is rare in nature, occurring only where the soil is generally rich so that the plants can g row and thrive anywhere. Uniform Distribution is found in artificial cultivated areas. Natality/Morality Natality corresponds to what is termed in humans as birth rate or the number of new individuals produced in the pupolation for a period of time.Morality is known as death rate in human demographics, or the number of deaths in a given time period. Growth Is an important feature of a population since the increases or decreases of population size determines its interaction with other populations in the community and its impact on the environment. Age Distribution Is classifies the population according to age brackets or to general age groups such as prereproductive, reproductive and postreproductive. Reproductive PotentialThe Reproductive potential of a population is its theoretical capacity to produce the maximum number of offspring in ideal conditions. Community The community has properties that may be used to further clarify its composition and its interaction with the environmen t. Like species dominance, diversity, relative abundance, species richness and evenness. Dominance Is attained by a species in a community by virtue of a greater number of individuals, or by size such as the overwhelming sizes of sequoia trees, or any other attribute that enables the species to control the community. DiversityDiversity is the opposite of dominance, a case where no single species has greater number or biomass or other relative importance than other species in the community. Ecosystem The basic unit of ecology because it includes the living and nonliving components. The setting includes necessary nonliving components such as soil, water, air, and the cycles that keep and renew them, which are collectively called the biogeochemical cycles. Bioenergetics Energy is necessary for maintaining the life processes of organisms. The sun is the source of all the energy that goes into the ecosystem. The solar ystem is radiated on to the earth where a tiny fraction of it is tappe d by plants and used in photosynthesis. Solar energy released in the form of light waves called photons. Herbivores are organism that feed on plants. Carnivores are organism that feed on other organism. Omnivores are organism that consume both plants and animals. Food Chain The sequence of eating and being eaten may be described by food chain. It also indicates the role, the feeding mode and rank of each organism. Food Web A food web shows the various possibilities of the sequence of eating and being eaten in the ecosystem.There are two major types of food webs in the ecosystem: the grazing food web is the more conspicuous type because it is usually composed of large plants and animals that are familiar. Law of Energy First law of thermodynamics stated that energy is never created nor destroyed but is transformed from one form to another. Second law of thermodynamics states that as energy is transformed it degrades or diminishes. Biogeochemical Cycles Substances that organisms need to survive are called nutrients such as water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.Nutrients move through the ecosystem in cycles called biogeochemical cycles where bio refers to the living organism, geo refers to the inorganic molecules such as those found in rocks, air, and water, and chemical refers to the interactions of the elements between them. Water cycle Evaporation-the heat of the sun, or solar energy makes water vapor, which is water in gaseous form, continually rising from water bodies and from the land. Condensation-it brings water into the atmosphere where the water molecules clump together. Precipitation-the clumps get too big and too heavy, they fall back down to the earth.In the form of rain, snow, hail or sleet. Water cycle is the movements of several chemical substances through the ecosystem. Carbon cycle-During photosynthesis plants use up carbon dioxide, combining it with water to form sugars particularly glucose. Consumption of these sugars breaks them down re leasing CO2. Nitrogen Cycle-Nitrogen is an important component of proteins, the building block of all living matter. Fixation- the process of converting nitrogen from the gaseous state, N2 to the usable ammonia, NH3, and nitrate NO3.Mineralization or ammonification-involve the breakdown of dead organisms and their proteins and nucleic acids are further broken down into amino acids. Nitrification-where the bacteria such as the nitosomonas use ammonia to produce their energy needs by converting it. Denitrification- is the process by which nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere. Phosphorus cycle-the sedimentary rocks which contain phosphorus in the form of the mineral apatite comprise a pool phosphorus. Phosphorus is released when these rocks weather naturally, which takes along time, or when human mines these rocks to release phosphorus which is used to fertilizers soap.Sulfur cycle- a basically sedimentary nutrients cycles through air, soil and water. The sulfur cycle involves the th ree spheres as it cycle through the soil, waterway, and atmosphere. It originates from the crust and mantle of the earth and is spewed out during volcanic eruptions. It is found in the volcanic rocks and many minerals. Limiting Factors and the Law of Tolerance Law of the Minimum- states that when there is not enough of a certain nutrient in the environment, the growth of organism that needs that nutrient will be severely limited.Studies also show that too much of any nutrient will likewise limit growth, giving rise to the Law of limiting Factors. Sunlight and Temperature are two important physical factors that limit the distribution and abundance of organism. Species Interactions The population of two species may positively or negatively affect the existence of one another in the community. Mutualism- refers to the interaction between two species where both are benefited. Competition- is an example of a positive negative interaction when two species of the same species strive to obt ain the same limited resource.Predation- is an example of a positive negative interaction wherein the predator eats the prey. Parasitism- is another type of positive negative interaction wherein the hosts provide nourishment to the parasite. Commensalism- is a form of positive zero interaction wherein in the commensal also referred to as hitchhiker attaches itself to the host while the host is neither help nor harmed by the interaction. Amensalism- is an example of a negative zero interaction wherein one organism is inhibited while the other is not affected.

Zoology Research Paper Writing Recommendations for College Students

Zoology Research Paper Writing Recommendations for College Students A Zoology research paper is a form of written communication in which the author succinctly presents and interprets information gathered during the process of investigation. Writing a research paper in Zoology is similar to the writing papers in many other scientific disciplines except that the format of the project and the grading criteria will differ. Make sure to use the following zoology research paper guide as well as refer to the writing recommendations provided by the course tutor. Pre-Writing Stage Before you write your Zoology research paper, build a solid outline that will logically present the info that supports each of your conclusions. Make sure to organize the data into tables and figures to ensure all the evidence is provided in a logical order. Some researchers prefer to create a draft by simply putting down all of their ideas with a little regard to the sentence structure and to fix them later. Others tend to revise their content as they proceed. Paper Format The format of the Zoology research paper is usually based on the scientific method and is organized to provide the reader with an opportunity to comprehend the key points of the research. The traditional format required in all Zoology classes consists of the Title, the Abstract, the Into, the Methods, the Results, the Discussion, and the Literature Cited segments. The heading of every section (the introduction, the abstract, the results and so on) should be capitalized, centered and placed with the body of every section immediately following. Title Place the title of your project along with your name at the top of the first page. If any of other classmates took part in the research process, you should also list their names. The latter should be included below your name. Plus, scientific titles should also reflect your results. If there are no results found during the research, ensure that your title clearly demonstrates that. For instance: ‘Unexpected Diversity within the Javan Slow Loris Trade: Implications for Slow Loris Taxonomy By: John Smith Michael Boners, Blair Williams and Tora Jones’ Here, the title of the Zoology research paper clearly states three things: the specific organism being measured (Javan Slow Loris); the response of the organism (Taxonomy) and the current situation that was observed (implications). Abstract The abstract is a brief summary of the research. The segment should be one paragraph long and include no more than 250 words. Abstracts are usually comprised of a sentence of background, short and clear statements of the hypothesis, some precisions, the two sentences that describe the methods and the results of the research. The final sentence goes about the conclusions of your research. In case of the Zoology research paper with the ‘Behavioral Responses of Whales and Dolphins to the Dead Conspecifics’ title, the Abstract would look pretty much like the following: ‘The scientific study of death within the taxa-comparative thanatology is dedicated to the psychological, behavioral and physiological responses to the dead conspecifics, as well as a range of processes that stand behind these responses. Some of the species that inhabit the cetaceans are known to take care of, be aroused by, attend to or be interested in the dying or dead creatures. We’ve studied the patterns and variation in cetacean responses to the dead conspecifics all over the clade. We’ve examined 85 records reported between 1980 and 2018, including 20 of 88 extant cetacean creatures. We have taken a properly weighted comparative approach in order to monitor the chosen cetacean species and found that toothed cetaceans (odontocetes) were much more likely than baleen whales (mysticetes) to attend to the dead or dying individuals. According to the research results, dolphins (93% of all records) had the greatest occurrence of the so-called attentive behavior in contrast to the average of all other cetacean clades.’ Choose Your Zoology Research Paper Topic: Tips from Our Experts The diversity of the topics makes Zoology the kind of science where every high school, college and university student can find something relevant to his/her studies and related to his/her interests. In the list given below you will be able to find the most suitable topic and generate original work based on one: The Industrial Pollution: Zoological Implications on Species Development in N Region. Whether you prefer Gloucestershire, Nevada, Rio de Janeiro or Edinburg – ensure to pick the region and talk about the zoological implications on species development there. Psychological Effects of Animals Taken from Natural Habitat. What are they? How to help the natural habitats to get accustomed to the completely new environment? The American Buffalo: The Impact of Western Historical Expansion. If you think you can easily handle the History paper, go on and blend it with the Zoology aspects! Understanding Animal Behavior among Predators. No matter how cruel the issue may seem to you, the topic will be interesting for your college mates. Evolution of Turtle. These magnificent creatures come in many different sizes and face the threat of extinction. Contact the passionate researchers, who work with the sea turtles and definitely have something to say about the long path these animals have come. Brain Size and Species Intelligence. Do you think there is a certain connection between these parameters? If yes (or no), tell your target readers what you (or the scientists) have to say. Herbivorous vs. Carnivorous Animals. How can we recognize them? Vegetarians. Should People Stop Eating Meat for the Sake of Animals? Do you think you can survive without your favorite bacon pizza? Provide a detailed research paper, if you do. Reasons Why Nowadays Many Areas of Animal Life Are Preserved in Museums. Sad but true. Many magnificent animals of the past can be seen only in museums at the moment. Use your research to give the reason why. Are Dogs Really Our Best Friends? If you happen to be a cat person, you definitely have something to say. Hunting: Yay or Nay? The reality is that this barbarian habit is still allowed all over the globe. The question is about the animals that are not killed for food, but for fun only. Parasites and Disease: Reveal the Connections. Without a doubt, this topic isn’t quite appetite provoking, but you’ll have many interesting discoveries while conducting your research. Introduction The introduction section concisely describes the key purpose of your research, as well as informs your readers on why you’ve actually done this work. Your task here is to briefly review the past research on the issue with enough background info needed to orient your audience (you accomplish this by a literature search of primary, peer-reviewed materials). Keep in mind that the background info provided must be properly referenced (check the how to cite references section). Check out the following right and wrong Zoology research paper introductions to ensure you got the idea: The right way to compose an introduction: ‘Over 3 000 years ago a strange looking but very useful animals were domesticated by people of Arabia. It was the Arabian camel – a huge beast having long legs and one hump on its back. The ungainly animal could cross hot desserts without drinking much water and, what was especially useful, it could carry heavy loads without getting tired for a long time. The Bactrian camel that has two humps and lives in the central Asia was also domesticated long time ago. The animal turned out to be sturdier than the Arabian one and could easily carry heavier loads.’ The wrong way to create the introduction: ‘Many years ago people decided to domesticate camels. They were huge and had humps that enabled them to cross deserts and didn’t need much water.’ From this broad introductive part, you’re required to focus down to the specific research topic on the chosen topic: ‘According to the most recent researches, the substantial shared genetic variation was found in modern camels except for a single genetically distinct animal that has been isolated on the territory of Eastern Africa. The researchers found that domesticated camels’ populations originated from the wild populations – extinct at the present moment – on the Southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula that tallies with previously performed archaeological researches.’ The Body The body of a Zoology research paper includes the development of the argument provided together with the essential information needed to sustain a reasonable conclusion. Ensure to divide the body of your project into the separate sections. It’s up to you to decide how many of those you think it’s appropriate to provide. Think about what these paper segments should be and start each with a clear indication if its purpose. The proper use of headings will provide your text with helpful signposts to the target audience. Ensure you’re consistent in the use of the headings. Provide examples to support the points you’re trying to make as well as include your own comments to let the readers know why this or that point is important. Quotations are a must for a Zoology research paper, but an academic project that looks like a list of quotations won’t help you to get the desired grades. The key is to be highly selective when it comes to the quoted materials and carefully choose the issues you think you should provide in your assignment. Make sure you don’t just jump around the issues raised by your research question. If you find yourself doing this, ensure to take the other look at your plan to find out whether there’s an adjustment to it that you can make to avoid this. The key aspect you have to keep in mind lies in the fact that all statements must be backed up by authority or evidence. That’s an absolute must when it comes to the Zoology research paper writing. Finally, you need to make certain the information of the body section reflects exactly what you have pointed out in the introduction. If you see that it doesn’t, it’s time to revise one of the other†¦or both if needed. The Conclusion Now it’s time to draw the threads of your argument together. Remember that in a conclusive section you’re not supposed to repeat the arguments provided before or re-state the introduction. The final part of your Zoology research paper should be focused on the question that you’ve specified and inform the readers on how you have answered the question. Avoid any new argument in the conclusive part of the paper. The good example of the conclusion for the Zoology research paper on ‘Parasite Load Disease in Wild Animals’: In addition to the increased mortality from the causes that are possibly more painful, parasites tend to decrease the quality of life of their hosts, from minor malnutrition to serious tissue damage. A range of metrics (especially the experimental manipulations of parasite levels) suggest that animals are better off not having been parasitized. Moreover, they appear to be ubiquitous – the majority of wild animals have those all the time. Due to this, while there’s still much to learn about the parasitism, the impact and scale of it suggests that in wild life parasitism is one of the most significant causes of suffer. Easing the animals suffering from parasitism seems probably controllable as a cause area in its own right and should be taken into consideration when investigating the other measure to ease wild-animal suffering. A Few Last Zoology Research Paper Tips to Avoid Common Errors When you use Latin Names (you’re going to deal with a lot of those when working on any Zoology project), it’s highly important to pay due attention to the formatting of those when using Latin: Ecology issues: Species and genus of every organism should be always underlined or provided in italics. Species is not capitalized while genus is always capitalized. For instance: Pomacea canaliculata. Molecular issues: The formatting specifications for genes and their products tend to vary from species to species. Make sure to use the correct formatting for the species of interest throughout the project. It is recommended to also consult websites that are devoted to specific species and provide the formatting information, such as The National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Battle of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812

Battle of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812 The Battle of Fort McHenry was fought September 13/14, 1814, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Part of the larger Battle of Baltimore, the Battle of Fort McHenry saw the forts garrison defeat a British fleet that had been advancing on the city. As the British had recently captured and burned Washington, DC, the victory proved critical in halting their advance in the Chesapeake. Coupled with successes elsewhere, the victory strengthened the hand of American negotiators at the Ghent peace talks. Francis Scott Key saw the fighting from a British ship where he was held prisoner and was inspired to write the Star-Spangled Banner based on what he had witnessed. Into the Chesapeake Having defeated Napoleon in early 1814 and removed the French emperor from power, the British were able to turn their full attention to the war with the United States. A secondary conflict while the wars with France were ongoing, they now commenced sending additional troops west in an effort to achieve a swift victory. While Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost, the governor-general of Canada and commander of British forces in North America, commenced a series of campaigns from the north, he ordered Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane, the commander of the Royal Navys ships on the North American Station, to make attacks against the American coast. Though Cochranes second-in-command, Rear Admiral George Cockburn, had been raiding up and down the Chesapeake Bay for some time, additional forces were en route. Arriving in August, Cochranes reinforcements included a force of around 5,000 men commanded by Major General Robert Ross. Many of these soldiers were veterans of the Napoleonic Wars and had served under the Duke of Wellington. On August 15, the transports carrying Ross command entered the Chesapeake and sailed up the bay to join with Cochrane and Cockburn. Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane. Public Domain Reviewing their options, the three men elected to mount an attack on Washington DC. The combined fleet then moved up the bay and quickly trapped Commodore Joshua Barneys gunboat flotilla in the Patuxent River. Pushing up the river, they destroyed Barneys force and put Rosss 3,400 men and 700 marines ashore on August 19. In Washington, President James Madisons administration worked fruitlessly to deal with the threat. Not thinking that the capital would be a target, little work had been done in regard to constructing defenses. Overseeing the troops around Washington was Brigadier General William Winder, a political appointee from Baltimore who had been captured at the Battle of Stoney Creek in June 1813. Since the majority of the US Armys regulars were occupied on the Canadian frontier, Winder s force was largely made up of militia. Burning Washington Marching from Benedict to Upper Marlborough, the British decided to approach Washington from the northeast and cross the East Branch of the Potomac at Bladensburg. On August 24, Ross engaged an American force under Winder at the Battle of Bladensburg. Achieving a decisive victory, later dubbed the Bladensburg Races due to the nature of the American retreat, his men occupied Washington that evening. Taking possession of the city, they burned the Capitol, Presidents House, and Treasury Building before encamping. Additional destruction ensued the next day before they departed to rejoin the fleet.  Following their successful campaign against Washington DC, Cochrane and Ross advanced up the Chesapeake Bay to attack Baltimore, MD. British forces burning Washington, DC, 1814. Public Domain A vital port city, Baltimore was believed by the British to be the base of many of the American privateers that were preying on their shipping. To take the city, Ross and Cochrane planned a two-prong attack with the former landing at North Point and advancing overland, while the latter attacked Fort McHenry and the harbor defenses by water. Fighting at North Point On September 12, 1814, Ross landed with 4,500 men on the tip of North Point and began advancing northwest towards Baltimore. His men soon encountered American forces under Brigadier General John Stricker. Dispatched by Major General Samuel Smith, Stricker was under orders to delay the British while the fortifications around the city were completed. In the resulting Battle of North Point, Ross was killed and his command took heavy losses. With Ross death, command devolved to Colonel Arthur Brooke who elected to remain on the field through a rainy night while Strickers men withdraw back to the city. Battle of North Point. Photograph Courtesy of the US Army Fast Facts: Battle of Fort McHenry Conflict: War of 1812 (1812-1815)Dates: September 13/14, 1814Armies Commanders:United StatesMajor General Samuel SmithMajor George Armistead1,000 men (at Fort McHenry), 20 gunsBritishVice Admiral Sir Alexander CochraneColonel Arthur Brooke19 ships5,000 menCasualties:United States: 4 killed and 24 woundedGreat Britain: 330 killed, wounded, and captured The American Defenses While Brookes men suffered in the rain, Cochrane began moving his fleet up the Patapsco River toward the citys harbor defenses. These were anchored on the star-shaped Fort McHenry. Situated on Locust Point, the fort guarded the approaches to the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco which led to the city as well as the Middle Branch of the river. Fort McHenry was supported across the Northwest Branch by a battery at Lazaretto and by Forts Covington and Babcock to the west on the Middle Branch. At Fort McHenry, the garrison commander, Major George Armistead possessed a composite force of around 1,000 men. Bombs Bursting in Air Early on September 13, Brooke began advancing towards the city along the Philadelphia Road. In the Patapsco, Cochrane was hampered by shallow waters which precluded sending forward his heaviest ships. As a result, his attack force consisted of five bomb ketches, 10 smaller warships, and the rocket vessel HMS Erebus. By 6:30 AM they were in position and opened fire on Fort McHenry. Remaining out of range of Armisteads guns, the British ships struck the fort with heavy mortar shells (bombs) and Congreve rockets from Erebus. Advancing ashore, Brooke, who believed they had defeated citys defenders the day before, was stunned when his men found 12,000 Americans behind substantial earthworks east of the city. Under orders not to attack unless with a high chance of success, he began probing Smiths lines but was unable to find a weakness. As a result, he was forced to hold his position and await the outcome of Cochranes assault on the harbor. Early in the afternoon, Rear Admiral George Cockburn, thinking the fort had been badly damaged, moved the bombardment force closer increase the effectiveness of their fire. Defense of Fort McHenry, 1814. Public Domain As the ships closed, they came under intense fire from Armisteads guns and were compelled to draw back to their original positions. In effort to break the stalemate, the British attempted to move around the fort after dark. Embarking 1,200 men in small boats, they rowed up the Middle Branch. Mistakenly thinking they were safe, this assault force fired signal rockets which gave away their position. As a result, they quickly came under an intense crossfire from Forts Covington and Babcock. Taking heavy losses, the British withdrew. The Flag Was Still There By dawn, with the rain subsiding, the British had fired between 1,500 and 1,800 rounds at the fort with little impact. The greatest moment of danger had come when a shell struck the forts unprotected magazine but had failed to explode. Realizing the potential for disaster, Armistead had the forts gunpowder supply distributed to safer locations. As the sun began to rise, he ordered the forts small storm flag lowered and replaced with the standard garrison flag measuring 42 feet by 30 feet. Sewn by local seamstress Mary Pickersgill, the flag was clearly visible to all of the ships in the river. The sight of the flag and the ineffectiveness of the 25-hour bombardment convinced Cochrane that the harbor could not be breached. Ashore, Brooke, with no support from the navy, decided against a costly attempt on the American lines and began retreating towards North Point where his troops re-embarked. Aftermath The attack on Fort McHenry cost Armisteads garrison 4 killed and 24 wounded. British losses were around 330 killed, wounded, and captured, most of which occurred during the ill-fated attempt to move up the Middle Branch. The successful defense of Baltimore coupled with victory at the Battle of Plattsburgh aided in restoring American pride after the burning of Washington DC and bolstered the nations bargaining position at the Ghent peace talks. Francis Scott Key, circa 1825. Public Domain - Walters Art Museum The battle is best remembered for inspiring Francis Scott Key to write The Star-Spangled Banner. Detained aboard the ship Minden, Key had gone to meet with the British to secure the release of Dr. William Beanes who had been arrested during the attack on Washington. Having overhead the British attack plans, Key was forced to remain with the fleet for the duration of the battle. Moved to write during the forts heroic defense, he composed the words to an old drinking song entitled To Anacreon in Heaven. Initially published after the battle as the Defense of Fort McHenry, it eventually became known as the Star-Spangled Banner and was made the National Anthem of the United States.

Kind Hearted Woman Blues by Rober Johnson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kind Hearted Woman Blues by Rober Johnson - Essay Example Composer: The song was composed on November 23, 1936 in San Antonio, Texas by the legendary bluesman and American musician Robert Johnson. This was the first blues song that Johnson recorded in his successful attempt of blending the style of a number of other popular and contemporary blues composers including Leroy Carr, Kokomo Arnold, and Joe Pullum. Singer: Robert Johnson recorded this song in 1936. Known for his combination blues style of music, â€Å"Kind Hearted Woman Blues† is Johnson’s only guitar solo ever recorded. Johnson’s blues style is a remarkable instance of blending a variation of music including song writing talent, singing and guitar skills. Recognized as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of all time (in Rolling Stone’s list), Robert Johnson travelled places, experienced different long term relationships, learned various blues styles, and instilled everything gathered in his music. This is why Johnson’s blues style differs remarkably from other blues singers and musicians of his time. Performance practice: With â€Å"Kind Hearted Woman Blues†, Robert Johnson started his first and only recording session with a short guitar solo in 1936. The song was recorded in a temporary studio with Johnson facing the wall while performing. Witnesses say he was a shy and reserved performer. However, this method of performing while facing a corner would also indicate the technique of corner loading in practicing which is done in order to enhance the sound of the guitar. A typical Robert Johnson recording session starts with a short warm-up session and then slowly moves on to practicing a mixing fingerstyle and pick playing. Historical period: Blues music in the 1930s is a significant part of pre-war blues music which remarkably witnessed creation and improvement in a number of popular blues styles including various traditional and rural country blues, urban blues, big band blues, and a combination blues of

Communication Development in the Early Age and Negative Impacts on Essay

Communication Development in the Early Age and Negative Impacts on Personal Relationships - Essay Example Today in my studies, I read about 12-year-old James whose condition provided a case study for the author. James had a congenital motor disorder in the form of mild cerebral palsy. I learned from this case study that children with cerebral palsy not only had their movements uncoordinated but also suffered from learning and communication development disabilities. Due to their limited control of facial expression, gesture and speech, James words are slurred and often unrecognizable. Communicating with a person with the motor disorder is quite complicated as the typical response to questions is a confused gaze. If a trained person like me finds it difficult to manage the situation, then what about untrained people? The research of Michellin & O’Brien (2005), Levine & Nourse (1998) and Seo et.al. (2008) have shown that people who have motor disorders, in general, are less likely to find good opportunities in personal relationships and employment. They also require special types of education which are costly to bear. Children with cerebral palsy or other motor disorders interact with their communication partners differently from children who are undergoing typical development. Communication with a familiar partner occurs only to meet a particular purpose rather than for general conversation or chatting. It has also been observed that communication partners such as parents and siblings often take control of the conversation in an effort to prevent communications breakdown resulting from the difficulties in understanding the child’s signals.